taxpayers

 Exhibit 5 – Individual Tax Rates 2023

Tax Rate Single Married filing jointly Married filing separately Head of household 10% $0 to $11,000 $0 to $22,000 $0 to $11,000 $0 to $15,700 12% $11,001 to $44,725 $22,001 to $89,450 $11,001 to $44,725 $15,701 to $59,850 22% $44,726

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Exhibit 4 – State Sales Tax Nexus Chart

Receipts Threshold Transactions Threshold Evaluation period: Includable Sales (Gross, Retail, or Taxable) When You Need to Register Once You Exceed the Threshold Alabama AND municipalities 250000 Threshold applies to sales from the previous calendar year Retail sales. Marketplace sales excluded

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Exhibit 2 – Investor Tax Outcomes Table

Start Up Investor Tax Outcomes Tables US Start-Up Stock or SAFE Note US Residents US Non-residents Types of income Conditions Tax outcomes Tax outcomes Gains on sale Short term Held for one year or less Up to 40.8% No income/tax

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US Tax And Filings For Non-Residents

When a person is not a U.S. resident or files a tax form to claim their non-residency, they need to pay tax only on the income from U.S. sources. Therefore, the first order of business would be to determine which

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US Filings For Residents

Residents report their worldwide income and file various forms regarding their foreign asset ownership and income. The tax calculation in the earlier chapters describes how a resident would calculate their tax for the year. Here we emphasize the importance of

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Determine If You Are A Resident Alien

If you are an alien (not a U.S. citizen), you are considered a non-resident alien unless you meet one of two tests: the (a) green card test or (b) the substantial presence test for the calendar year (January 1 –

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Taxation of Stock Options and Stock Grants

Stock Options in General If you receive an option to buy stock, you may have to recognize income and pay taxes when you exercise the option or dispose of the stock received on the exercise of the option. There are

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OTHER TAXES

There are some additional taxes that are not based on net taxable income. Here are some of them. Self-Employment Tax There is an additional tax levied on all the earned income of self-employed individuals. The rate is 15.3% for the

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Common Tax Credits

Before the actual amount of tax to be paid is determined, various direct offsets to tax liability are taken. Such “direct offsets” are called “tax credits.” The credits are dollar-for dollar-reductions of the tax liability. Credits are usually calculated based

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